Pigments are finely ground, insoluble substances that provide color to various materials such as paints, coatings, plastics, inks, and cosmetics. Derived from natural or synthetic sources, pigments are categorized into organic and inorganic types. Organic pigments, like phthalocyanine blue and quinacridone red, offer vibrant shades and transparency, while inorganic pigments, such as titanium dioxide and iron oxides, provide excellent opacity and durability. Their primary functions include imparting color, enhancing visual appeal, and offering protection against environmental factors like UV radiation. Pigments play a critical role in industries by ensuring aesthetic consistency, product longevity, and performance across diverse applications
